This is the official EU Blue Card page of the European Commission. Other websites on the EU Blue Card may contain incorrect information or charge for their services, and they cannot issue EU Blue Cards. Only Member States of the EU can issue EU Blue Cards - you can find the links to the official national websites in these pages.
Please note that the rules for the EU Blue Card were amended in 2021. Member States must integrate the new rules into their legislation by November 2023, after which they will be applicable to third-country nationals.
Are you a highly-qualified worker wishing to work in an EU country?
If so, you might be able to get an EU Blue Card. On these pages you can find out what an EU Blue Card is, how to apply for one and learn more about the rights that an EU Blue Card holder can enjoy. Some EU countries may offer other employment permits for highly-qualified workers in addition to the EU Blue Card. For detailed information on what rules are in use in a particular EU country, select your destination country on this map of the EU.
What is an EU Blue Card?
An EU Blue Card gives highly-qualified workers from outside the EU the right to live and work in an EU country, provided they have higher professional qualifications, such as a university degree, and an employment contract or a binding job offer for at least one year with a high salary compared to the average in the EU country where the job is. The EU Blue Card applies in 25 of the 27 EU countries. It does not apply in Denmark and Ireland. For information on rules for highly-qualified workers in these two countries, select the country on this map of the EU.
What conditions must I fulfil to apply for an EU Blue Card?
- You must prove that you have 'higher professional qualifications', by showing a higher education qualification (such as a university degree). Some Member States may also accept at least five years of relevant professional experience (see more in the FAQ section);
- You must work as a paid employee - the EU Blue Card does not apply to self-employed work or entrepreneurs;
- Your annual gross salary must be at least one and a half times the average national salary - except when the lower salary threshold applies;
- You must present a work contract or binding job offer in an EU country for at least one year;
- You must have the necessary travel documents. You must have health insurance for yourself and any relatives who come to the EU with you.
- You must prove that you fulfil the legal requirements to practice your profession, where this profession is regulated (see more on regulated professions in the FAQ section).
More on recognition of qualifications
Where can I apply?
You or your employer must submit an application for an EU Blue Card to the competent national authorities in the country where you wish to work. Depending on the rules in that country, you may have to pay an application fee.
How do I find a vacancy in the EU?
European employers use different services and communication tools to post their job vacancies. They can post them directly on their website or use other channels such as: public employment services, private employment agencies and recruitment agencies, specialised websites and publications, universities, etc.
- How long must I wait for a decision?
- You are entitled to receive a decision within 90 days of the date your application is registered.
- Can my application for an EU Blue Card be refused?
- Yes. The national authorities will reject your application if:
- You do not meet the conditions outlined above;
- Your application was based on incorrect or false information;
- You present a threat to public policy, public security or public health.
National authorities may reject your application if:
- A national or EU worker, or an already legally present non-EU citizen, could fill the vacancy;
- Your employer has been found guilty of employing irregular migrants without the necessary documents;
- Your home country lacks qualified workers in your sector.
- Yes. The national authorities will reject your application if:
- Can EU countries set quotas on the number of non-EU citizens who can enter their countries for highly-qualified work?
- EU countries may set an upper limit on the number of non-EU citizens who can enter their country for highly-qualified work.
- Do I need a visa?
- You may need a visa. This depends on your nationality and the rules in the EU country you arrive in. You can find information on the visa requirements that apply to you on this map of the EU.
- How long can I work with an EU Blue Card?
- You can stay and work for a period of between one and four years in the Member State who granted you the EU Blue Card. The card may also be renewed for the same period as long as you still satisfy all the conditions. With a valid EU Blue Card, you can enter, re-enter and stay in the EU country which has issued the card. You can also pass through other EU countries and stay there for up to three months (read more below).
- Am I free to change jobs and/or employer?
- Not immediately. For the first two years, you must stay in the job for which you got the EU Blue Card in the first place, unless you have permission from the national authorities to change jobs. After those first two years, you may be able to change jobs and/or employers.
- Can I bring my family with me?
- Yes, the EU Blue Card offers more favourable conditions for family reunification and access to work for spouses notably. If the relevant conditions are fulfilled and the applications lodged simultaneously, their residence permits should be issued at the same time as your EU Blue Card.
- Does the EU Blue Card allow me to travel to other EU countries?
- Yes. You can visit other EU countries for up to three months (90 days) during a six-month period (180 days). You can also travel through other EU countries on your way to the EU country that you live and work in. For more information, please consult the section on ‘Moving between EU countries’.
- Can I work in other EU countries?
- After 18 months, you may move to a different EU country to work in highly-skilled employment. You must apply for a new EU Blue Card in the country you wish to move to. Please note that EU countries have different rules on this, so you need to check by selecting the country of your destination on this map of the EU.
- What other rights do I have?
- As a holder of an EU Blue Card, you are guaranteed equal treatment with citizens of the host country as regards:
- Working conditions;
- Professional education and training;
- Recognition of diplomas and qualifications;
- Social security and
- Access to goods and services offered to the public (e.g. transport, museums, restaurants, etc.).With an EU Blue Card, it will be easier for you to get long-term residence status, as the rules for calculating the period of time necessary are more generous (you can add together periods of time spent in different EU countries, instead of the whole five years being in just one EU country).
- As a holder of an EU Blue Card, you are guaranteed equal treatment with citizens of the host country as regards:
- What happens if I lose my job?
- If you become unemployed, you have three months to find a new job. If you are still unemployed after three months, your EU Blue Card may be withdrawn. If that happens, you may have to leave the country.
- Are there any other risks of withdrawal or non-renewal of my EU Blue Card?
- Your EU Blue Card could be withdrawn or not renewed for any of the following reasons:
- You no longer meet the necessary conditions outlined above.
- It is found out at a later stage that your application was based on false information or documents.
- You present a threat to public policy, public security or public health.
- You do not have sufficient financial resources to maintain yourself and your family members without social assistance.In the event of any such occurrence, a notification will be provided to you by the relevant national authorities.
- Your EU Blue Card could be withdrawn or not renewed for any of the following reasons:
- May I argue against a decision to refuse or withdraw my EU Blue Card?
- Yes, you have the legal right to contest the decision through the appropriate national authorities, including courts.
- What happens if I overstay my EU Blue Card?
- If you overstay the validity period of your EU Blue Card, you will find yourself in an irregular situation and may be required to leave the country.
- Where do EU Blue Card holders come from?
28 966 EU Blue Cards were granted in 2021.
Citizens of India were granted the highest number of EU Blue Cards in the EU in 2021, followed by Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Türkiye.
- What are regulated and unregulated professions?
- A profession is said to be regulated when access and exercise is subject to the possession of a specific professional qualification. For more information, please visit the EU Single Market Regulated professions database.
- Unregulated professions do not require specific professional qualifications.
- What is meant by 'Higher professional qualifications'?
- Higher professional qualifications are:
(1) qualifications attested by evidence of higher education qualifications of studies that lasted at least three years. This means any diploma, certificate or other evidence of formal qualifications issued by a competent authority attesting the successful completion of a post-secondary higher education programme. This must be a set of courses provided by an educational establishment recognised as a higher education institution by the State in which it is situated.
Foreign educational qualifications usually need to be recognised by the Member States in question. This means that you need a formal acknowledgement by a competent authority of the validity of a foreign qualification with a view to access to educational and/or employment activities.
(2) Some Member States (DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, LT, LU, MT, PL, PT, SE and SK) also allow for relevant professional experience to be taken into account. This must be at least five years of professional experience of a level comparable to higher education qualifications and which is relevant in the profession or sector specified in the work contract or binding job offer. Professional experience means the actual and lawful pursuit of the profession concerned. For more information on recognition of professional qualification, please visit the EU Single Market Regulated professions database.
- Higher professional qualifications are:
- What is a labour market test?
Mechanism that aims to ensure that migrant workers are only admitted after employers have unsuccessfully searched for national workers, EU citizens (in EU Member States this also means EEA workers) or legally residing third-country nationals with access to the labour market according to national legislation.
(1) The labour market test (LMT) is implemented and applied widely in most Member States. Where the LMT is applied, some categories of workers can be exempt, reflecting the specific national situations and priorities.
(2) Member States apply different methodologies in undertaking LMTs. In general, a considerable role is left to employers and public employment services. Duration of the verification process varies among Member States.
You do not meet the conditions to apply for an EU Blue Card, but you are still interested in migrating to the EU to work? For more information on the different national rules and procedures, select the country you are interested in on this map of the EU.